Africa's location on the equator means that it receives intense solar radiation, which drives the formation of powerful air masses.
The Hadley Cell is a major atmospheric circulation pattern that influences African air currents. It involves warm, moist air rising near the equator and flowing towards the poles, then sinking and returning towards the equator.
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a band of low pressure that circles the Earth near the equator, where the trade winds from the northern and southern hemispheres meet. It plays a crucial role in shaping African weather patterns.
The Harmattan is a dry, dusty wind that blows from the Sahara towards the Gulf of Guinea during the winter months. It can cause respiratory problems and reduce visibility.
The Monsoon is a seasonal wind system that affects many parts of Africa, bringing heavy rainfall and flooding in some areas.
The Somali Jet is a narrow band of high-speed winds that flows over the eastern horn of Africa, affecting the weather in the region.
The Benguela Current is a cold ocean current that flows northwards along the west coast of southern Africa, influencing the climate and marine life in the region.
The African Easterly Jet is a high-altitude wind that flows from east to west across central Africa, affecting the formation of thunderstorms and tropical cyclones.
The Trade Winds are steady, easterly winds that blow across the tropical regions of Africa, helping to distribute heat and moisture.
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