1. It's the longest river on Earth. The Nile flows north for about 6,650 kilometers (4,132 miles), from the African Great Lakes through the Sahara desert before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.
4. It takes a strange detour in the desert. After stubbornly pushing north for most of its course, the Nile takes a surprising turn in the midst of the Sahara.
5. Its mud helped shape human history. The Nile also brought a secret ingredient: all the sediment it collected along the way, mainly black silt eroded by the Blue Nile and Atbara from basalt in Ethiopia.
6. It's a haven for wildlife, too. Humans are just one of many species who rely on the Nile, which flows through (and influences) a variety of ecosystems along its course.